Extra Questions of Class 7th Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years

 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED 

 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. 

(i) Cartography is one who draws 

(a) pictures (b) sketch (c) maps (d) paintings. 

(ii) al-Idrisi was a .............. cartographer. 

(a) Arabian (b) French (c) German (d) none of these.

(iii) Archive was a place where ............ were collected. 

(a) grains (b) manuscripts (c) coins (d) none of these. 

(iv) Ziauddin Barani was a ............. century chronicler. 

(a) 18th (b) 14th (c) 15th (d) 17th 

(v) ............. were the most dominant group in society. 

(a) Kshatriyas (b) Traders (c) Muslims (d) Brahmanas 

Ans. (i) - (c) (ii) - (a) (iii) - (b) (iv) - (b) (v) -(d). 

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

(i) The historians need to be sensitive to the different historical backgrounds, i.e. the ............ in which information about the past was produced. 

(ii) ............ used the term ' hind ' . 

(iii) Historians still rely on ............ , ............ , ............ and ............ for information. 

(iv) Through this period ............. became gradually cheaper. 

(v) Manuscripts were collected by .............. , .............. , ............. , and temples. 

Ans. (i) contexts (ii) Amir Khusrau (iii) coins, inscriptions, architecture, textual records (iv) paper 

(v) wealthy people, rulers, monasteries 

III. TRUE (T) AND FALSE (F). 

(i) In the map made by al-idrisi the names of places are marked in English. 

(ii) Historical records exist in the variety of languages which changed considerable over the centuries. 

(iii) Minhaj-i Siraj, a 14th century chronicler, wrote in Persian. 

(iv) The term ' foreigner ' was used for the person of the same community. 

(v) The number and variety of textual records increased during this period. 

Ans. (i) - F (ii) - T (iii) - T (iv) - F (v) - T 

IV. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.

Column I                                                                                      Column II 

(i) al-Idiris                                                                                    (a) Hind 

(ii) Hindustan                                                                                (b) Archives 

(iii) Amir Khusrau                                                                         (c) 14th century chronicler 

(iv) Manuscripts                                                                            (d) Arabian 

(v) Ziauddin Barani                                                                        (e) Assembly of elders 

(vi) Jati Panchayat                                                                          (f) Minhaj-i-Siraj 

 Ans. (i) - (d), (ii) - (f), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (b), (v) - (c), (vi) - (e)

V. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.

Q1. What difference do you notice in the map drawn by al-Idrisi ? 

Ans. In the map drawn by al-Idrisi we find a completely different view. Here south india is shown at the present north india and sri lanka is the island at the top.  

Q2. Who used the term Hindustan for the first and When ? 

Ans. Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term ' Hindustan ' for the first time in the thirteen century. 

Q3. What sources do the historians use for he study of a particular period of history? 

Ans. The historians used the sources like coins, inscriptions, architectures, and  textual records for the study of specific period. 

Q4. Who are scribes? 

Ans. Scribes were those professionals who used to copy down the manuscripts. 

Q5. How did the scribes copy down the manuscripts ? 

Ans. Scribes copied down the manuscripts by hands.  

Q6. What changes took place during 700 CE and 1750 CE ? 

Ans. Many technologies like Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in weaving, and firearms in combat made their appearance. Some new food and beverages like potatoes, corn chillies, tea and coffee also arrived in the subcontinent. 

Q7. What factors contributed to the variety of developments ? 

Ans. The new technologies and and innovations came to the subcontinent with the people who came from other areas and settled here. 

Q8. What were the new groups of the people to be prominent in this age ? 

Ans. Rajputs, Marathas, Sikhs, Jatas, Ahoms and Kayasthas were the groups which came to prominent in this age. 

Q9. What do you mean by Jati Panchayat ? 

Ans. Jati Panchayat was the assembly of elders which controlled the conduct of the members of their jati. 

Q10. Who was the chief of the Village ? 

Ans. Villages were controlled by a chieftain. Even the smaller Jati Panchayats were bound to follow the village administrations. 

Q11. What was the stretch of Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban's empire ? 

Ans. According to Sanskrit Prashasti, Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban's empire was stretched from Bengal (Gauda) in the east of Ghazni (Gajjana) in Afghanistan in the west. It also included all the South India (Dravida). 

Q12. Why did Brahmanas dominant in the society during this period ? 

Ans. Brahmanas were the only class of people who were proficient in Sanskrit language. This was the reason that made them Prominent. 

Q13. Who were the patrons ? 

Ans. Patrons were a group of the rulers and rich class of people who provided protection and livelihood to the Brahmans, artists and poets. 

Q14. What was the major development of the age? 

Ans. The emergence of the idea of bhakti was the major development of this age. 

Q15. What is Quran ? 

Ans. Quran is the most prominent holy book of the Muslims which delineates the idea of one God, Allah and His love, bounty and mercy for those who believe in HIm. 

Q16. How was History of India divided by British historians during the middle of the Indian century ? 

Ans. The British historians divided the history of India into three periods --- Hindu, Muslim, and British. 

Q17. What was the basis of such division ? 

Ans. Such division was made on the basis of the religion of rulers as the historians did not consider any aspect more prominent other than the development in religions. 

VI. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.

Q1. What does time mean for historians ? How does it help them ? 

 According to historian time is useful for understanding the aspects of development and technologies through period. 
  It consider major changes in social and economic organization in the durability and major changes in ideas and beliefs. 
The historians divided the historical development's past into a large segments. this help to easily understand the study of our past. 
The historian study different concepts in a specific period and then they estimate the comparative development their impact on society and their contribution in future generation. 

Q2. What do you mean by pan-regional rule ? What is it impact ? 

 

Ans. Pan-regional rule or empire is the area of the empires spanning diverse regions. The term ' Pan-regional is used for applies to the trend of extending the empire tro the region beyond one's own state. The dynasties like Cholas, Khiljis, Tughlaqs and Mughals extend their empire as pan-region. Not all empires were equally stable or successful. But this regional to change something the character of the regions. The emergence of many distinct and shared traditions, in the realms of governance, teh management of the economy, elite culture and languages were some of the prominent or governing factors, that took place as a result of pan-regional rules.  

As it impact the decline of Mughal century in 18th century many regional state emerged. As a result changes of sharing different traditions in the realms of governance, economy, elithe cultures and languages was brightened. And people learned a lot of things, manners, etc., without  losing their own culture and identity. 

Q3. What was the process of copying manuscript ? What were its drawbacks ? 

Ans. On that period 700 CE and 1750 CE there is no existence of printing press. after then scribes used to copy down the manuscripts which were hand-written. 

 Its process are in these following steps:

1. Preparation :-  scribes were gathered all the necessary material like parchment or papyrus sheets, ink and a quill pen etc. 

2. Reading :- scribes carefully reads each lines and every sections and understand them firstly from the original scripts. 

3. Writing :- scribes use a quill pen dipped in ink to carefully write down each word on a blank sheet of parchment or papyrus and the process to required a great attention and accuracy to ensure the details. 

4. Corrections :- after a completed a page or a section it would be calibrate the mistakes distinction.        Any errors  or omissions would be corrected by either scraping off the ink or making small additions or adjustments.

5. Design :- the scribes follow the layout and designs from the original manuscripts. including spacing, indentation and decorative elements. 

And its drawbacks are:

1. Time Consuming :- The process of copying manuscripts was incredibly time-consuming taking months or even year to completing. 

2. Human Errors :- copying manuscripts by hand was prone to human errors, including misspelling, omissions and misinterpretation.  

3. Degradations :- over time manuscripts would deteriorates due to wear and tear, environmental factor, mishandling. This led to loss the valuable works of literature and knowledge.   

4. Limited Accessibility :- copying manuscripts was a labor -intensive process only a select few individuals had assess to book. and limited spread of knowledge and made education and literacy a privilege of a elite.   

VII. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS. 

Q1. Explain in details how coins, inscriptions, and monuments are useful sources of information on medieval india. 

Ans. Sources of information:- 

Coins, Inscriptions, Architecture and textual records are the major sources of information on medieval india. 

Coins give the information about economic condition of a kingdom. The coins are usually issued by a ruler of the kingdom. they also help us to investigate the territorial extent and reign of the rulers. It also clarify any doubt they have about dates and event that mentioned in books, etc. 

Inscription are a most valuable sources that help us to understand the Indian's past. these written records inscribed on stones, pillers, copper plates, wall of the temples and monuments. It help us to knowing the name of the rulers, the administrations of the kingdoms, some major event and the extent of the kingdom, etc. mostly copper polishing inscriptions. related to dark age medieval period there are found around temples in south india. the major sources of region of Ashoka, the Mauryan king, and Samudragupta are the ashokan inscriptions and the allahabad pillar inscriptions. 

Monuments are mainly gives the information about the time period during which they were constructed. i.e. temples, mosques, tombs, stupas, places and fort and mainly these are not only for a religious practices but it was also social, political and economical conditions on that time. mostly the forts of delhi, agra, jodhpur, jaipur and hyderabad gives an insight into the architectural styles popular during on that period.  

Textual records are one of the most important sources because they are written evidence and they gives the socially, politically, economically, or religious informations 

 Q2. Write a brief note on medieval period of indian history. Why is this period termed as one of continuity and change ? 

Ans. Historians divided the medieval history into -- ancient medieval and modern medieval for convenient to study of history 

In ancient period include wide ranges of early societies. they were gathered the food, early farmers, they were lives in groups and early empires and kingdoms. In the early medieval period, the Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Cholas and early Rajput kings dominated the socio-economic and political history of the country.  

The medieval word comes from the latin word 'medius' and 'aevum' which means middle age. In this period there are so many changes with the migrations of people one place to another. and this transformation and economy reached at high level of flourishing attract the europeans. In the later medieval period, the turks, and the regional kingdoms which emerged after the end of delhi sultanate and the mughals largely dominated the indian history.