CBSE Notes Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 - On Equality 

Equality

• Equality is a fundamental principle that ensures fairness, justice, and equal opportunities for all individuals. It promotes social harmony and prevents discrimination based on various factors. 

Forms of inequality:

• Inequality can be based on various factors such as gender, caste, religion, race, economic status, and disability. These inequalities can lead to social divisions and disparities in society.

Equality in Indian democracy: 

• The Indian Constitution guarantees equality to all citizens through various provisions and laws. It ensures equal rights, opportunities, and protection under the law, irrespective of factors like caste, religion, gender, etc.

Discrimination: 

• Discrimination is the unfair and unjust treatment of individuals or groups based on certain characteristics. It denies them equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources. Discrimination can be direct or indirect.

Social divisions: 

• Social divisions are divisions within society based on factors such as caste, religion, gender, etc. These divisions can lead to inequality and discrimination. It is important to promote social unity and harmony to overcome these divisions.

Reservation: 

• Reservation is a policy implemented in India to ensure representation and equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups. It provides reserved seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and legislative bodies to promote social justice and upliftment of marginalized communities.

Role of the government: 

• The government plays a crucial role in ensuring equality and preventing discrimination. It formulates laws, policies, and programs to promote equality and protect the rights of all citizens. It also works towards reducing social and economic disparities.

Gender equality: 

• Gender equality refers to equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all genders. It aims to eliminate gender-based discrimination and stereotypes. Efforts are made to empower women and promote gender equality in various spheres of life.

Constitutional provisions: 

• The Indian Constitution has several provisions to ensure equality. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, Article 15 prohibits discrimination based on various grounds, and Article 16 ensures equal opportunities in public employment. These provisions promote social justice and inclusivity.

Rights and responsibilities: 

• Along with rights, individuals also have responsibilities towards promoting equality and maintaining social harmony. Respecting the rights of others, avoiding discrimination, and being aware of one's privileges are important aspects of responsible citizenship.

Universal adult Franchise

• Universal Adult Franchise means that every citizen above the age of adulthood that is 18 has the right to vote and take part in the ballot system of voting.

In India's democracy, equality

Every individual is recognized as equal under the Indian Constitution. This means that every person in the nation, including men and women from all castes, faiths, tribes, educational backgrounds, and economic statuses, is acknowledged as being equal.

The Constitution's recognition of equality includes the following clauses:

• Before the law, everyone is treated equally.
• There can be no discrimination against anyone based on their gender, ethnicity, caste, location of birth, or religion.
• Every public space is open to everyone.
• Untouchability is no longer an issue.