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Class 8 | NCERT Solution Maths Chapter 9 | Algebraic Expressions and Identities | Exercise 9.5

 

Exercise 9.5 Page No: 151

1. Use a suitable identity to get each of the following products.

(i) (x + 3) (x + 3)

(ii) (2y + 5) (2y + 5)

(iii) (2a – 7) (2a – 7)

(iv) (3a – 1/2) (3a – 1/2)

(v) (1.1m - 0.4) (1.1m + 0.4)

(vi) (a 2 + b 2 ) (- a 2 + b 2 )

(vii) (6x - 7) (6x + 7)

(Viii) (- a +) (- + c)

(ix) (1 / 2x + 3 / 4y) (1 / 2x + 3 / 4y)

(x) (7a – 9b) (7a – 9b)

Solution:

(i) (x + 3) (x + 3) = (x + 3)2

= x2 + 6x + 9 Using (a+b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

ii) (2y + 5) (2y + 5) = (2y + 5) 2

= 4y2 + 20y + 25 Using (a+b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

iii) (2a – 7) (2a – 7) = (2a – 7)2

= 4a 2  – 28a + 49

Using (a-b) 2

= a 2 + b 2 – 2ab

iv) (3a – 1/2) (3a – 1/2) = (3a – 1/2) 2

= 9a 2  -3a+(1/4)

Using (a-b) 2

= a 2 + b 2 – 2ab

v) (1.1m - 0.4) (1.1m + 0.4)

= 1.21m 2  - 0.16

Using (a – b)(a + b)

= a 2 – b 2

vi) (a 2 + b 2 ) (- a 2 + b 2 )

= (b 2  + a 2  ) (b 2  – a 2 )

= -a 4  + b 4

Using (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2

vii) (6x - 7) (6x + 7)

=36x2 – 49 Using (a – b)(a + b)

= a 2 – b 2

viii) (- a +) (- + c) = (- + c) 2

= c2 + a2 – 2ac Using (a-b) 2

= a 2 + b 2 – 2ab

ncert solution for class 8 maths chapter 09 fig 7

= (x 2 / 4) + (9y 2 /16) + (3xy/4)

Using (a+b) 2

= a 2 + b 2 + 2ab

x) (7a – 9b) (7a – 9b) = (7a – 9b) 2

= 49a 2  – 126ab + 81b 2

Using (a-b) 2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab

2. Use the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x+ (a + b) x + ab to find the following products.

(i) (x + 3) (x + 7)

(ii) (4x + 5) (4x + 1)

(iii) (4x – 5) (4x – 1)

(iv) (4x + 5) (4x - 1)

(v) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)

(vi) (2a 2 + 9) (2a 2 + 5)

(vii) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

Solution:

(i)(x + 3) (x + 7)

= x2 + (3+7)x + 21

= x2 + 10x + 21

ii) (4x + 5) (4x + 1)

= 16x2 + 4x + 20x + 5

= 16x2 + 24x + 5

iii) (4x – 5) (4x – 1)

= 16x2 – 4x – 20x + 5

= 16x2 – 24x + 5

iv) (4x + 5) (4x - 1)

= 16x2 + (5-1)4x – 5

= 16x2 +16x – 5

v) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)

= 4x 2  + (5y + 3y) 2x + 15y 2

= 4x2 + 16xy + 15y2

vi) (2a 2 + 9) (2a 2 + 5)

= 4a 4  + (9+5)2a 2  + 45

= 4a4 + 28a2 + 45

vii) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

= x2y2z2 + (-4 -2)xyz + 8

= x2y2z2 – 6xyz + 8

3. Find the following squares by using the identities.

(i) (b – 7)2

(ii) (xy + 3z) 2

(iii) (6x2 – 5y)2

(iv) [(2m/3) + (3n/2)] 2

(v) (0.4p – 0.5q)2

(vi) (2xy + 5y) 2

Solution:

Using identities:

(a – b) 2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab (a + b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

(i) (b – 7)= b2 – 14b + 49

(ii) (xy + 3z)= x2y2 + 6xyz + 9z2

(iii) (6x2 – 5y)2 = 36x4 – 60x2y + 25y2

(iv) [(2m/3}) + (3n/2)] 2 = (4m 2 /9) + (9n 2 / 4) + 2mn

(v) (0.4p – 0.5q)2 = 0.16p2 – 0.4pq + 0.25q2

(vi) (2xy + 5y) 2 = 4x 2 y 2  + 20xy 2  + 25y 2

4. Simplify.

(i) (a– b2)2

(ii) (2x + 5)  – (2x – 5) 2

(iii) (7m - 8n) 2 + (7m + 8n) 2

(iv) (4m + 5n)  + (5m + 4n) 2

(v) (2.5p - 1.5q)  - (1.5p - 2.5q) 2

(vi) (ab + bc) 2 - 2ab²c

(vii) (m  - n 2 m)  + 2m 3 n 2

Solution:

i) (a 2 - b 2 ) 2 = a 4  + b 4 - 2a 2 b 2

ii) (2x + 5) – (2x – 5)2
= 4x2 + 20x + 25 – (4x2 – 20x + 25) = 4x2 + 20x + 25 – 4x2 + 20x – 25 = 40x

iii) (7m - 8n) 2 + (7m + 8n) 2
= 49m 2  - 112mn + 64n 2  + 49m 2  + 112mn + 49n 2
= 98m 2  + 128n 2

iv) (4m + 5n)  + (5m + 4n) 2
= 16m 2  + 40mn + 25n 2  + 25m 2  + 40mn + 16n 2
= 41m 2  + 80mn + 41n 2

v) (2.5p – 1.5q)– (1.5p – 2.5q)2
= 6.25p2 – 7.5pq + 2.25q2 – 2.25p2 + 7.5pq – 6.25q2
= 4p2 – 4q2

vi) (ab + bc) 2 – 2ab²c = a 2 b 2  + 2ab 2 c + b 2 c 2  – 2ab 2 c = a 2 b 2  + b 2 c 2

vii) (m  - n 2 m)  + 2m 3 n 2
= m 4  - 2m 3 n 2  + m 2 n 4  + 2m 3 n 2
= m 4  + m 2 n 4

5. Show that.

(i) (3x + 7)– 84x = (3x – 7)2

(ii) (9p – 5q)2+ 180pq = (9p + 5q)2

(iii) (4/3m – 3/4n)2 + 2mn = 16/9 m2 + 9/16 n2

(iv) (4pq + 3q)2– (4pq – 3q)= 48pq2

(v) (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a) = 0

Solution:

i) LHS = (3x + 7)– 84x

= 9x2 + 42x + 49 – 84x
= 9x2 – 42x + 49
= RHS

LHS = RHS

ii)  LHS = (9p – 5q)2+ 180pq
= 81p2 – 90pq + 25q2 + 180pq
= 81p2 + 90pq + 25q2
RHS = (9p + 5q)2
= 81p2 + 90pq + 25q2
LHS = RHS

ncert solution for class 8 maths chapter 09 fig 8

LHS = RHS

iv)  LHS = (4pq + 3q)2– (4pq – 3q)2

= 16p2q2 + 24pq2 + 9q2 – 16p2q2 + 24pq2 – 9q2

= 48pq2

= RHS

LHS = RHS

v) LHS = (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a)

a2 – b2 + b2 – c2 + c2 – a2

= 0

= RHS

6. Using identities, evaluate.

(i) 71²

(ii) 99²

(iii) 1022

(iv) 998²

(v) 5.2²

(vi) 297 x 303

(vii) 78 x 82

(viii) 8.92

(ix) 10.5 x 9.5

Solution:

i) 712

= (70+1)2

= 702 + 140 + 12

= 4900 + 140 +1

= 5041

ii) 99²

= (100 -1)2

= 1002 – 200 + 12

= 10000 – 200 + 1

= 9801

iii) 1022

= (100 + 2)2

= 1002 + 400 + 22

= 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404

iv) 9982

= (1000 – 2)2

= 10002 – 4000 + 22

= 1000000 – 4000 + 4

= 996004

v) 5.2 2

= (5 + 0.2)2

= 52 + 2 + 0.22

= 25 + 2 + 0.4 = 27.4

vi) 297 x 303

= (300 – 3 )(300 + 3)

= 3002 – 32

= 90000 – 9

= 89991

vii) 78 x 82

= (80 – 2)(80 + 2)

= 802 – 22

= 6400 – 4

= 6396

viii) 8.92

= (9 – 0.1)2

= 92 – 1.8 + 0.12

= 81 – 1.8 + 0.01

= 79.21

ix) 10.5 x 9.5

= (10 + 0.5)(10 – 0.5)

= 102 – 0.52

= 100 – 0.25

= 99.75

7. Using a– b2 = (a + b) (a – b), find

(i) 512– 492

(ii) (1.02)2– (0.98)2

(iii) 1532– 1472

(iv) 12.12– 7.92

Solution:

i) 512– 492

= (51 + 49)(51 – 49) = 100 x 2 = 200

ii) (1.02)2– (0.98)2

= (1.02 + 0.98)(1.02 – 0.98) = 2 x 0.04 = 0.08

iii) 153– 1472

= (153 + 147)(153 – 147) = 300 x 6 = 1800

iv) 12.1– 7.92

= (12.1 + 7.9)(12.1 – 7.9) = 20 x 4.2= 84

8. Using (x + a) (x + b) = x+ (a + b) x + ab, find

(i) 103 x 104

(ii) 5.1 x 5.2

(iii) 103 x 98

(iv) 9.7 x 9.8

Solution:

i) 103 x 104

= (100 + 3)(100 + 4)

= 1002 + (3 + 4)100 + 12

= 10000 + 700 + 12

= 10712

ii) 5.1 x 5.2

= (5 + 0.1)(5 + 0.2)

= 52 + (0.1 + 0.2)5 + 0.1 x 0.2

= 25 + 1.5 + 0.02

= 26.52

iii) 103 x 98

= (100 + 3)(100 – 2)

= 1002 + (3-2)100 – 6

= 10000 + 100 – 6

= 10094

iv) 9.7 x 9.8

= (9 + 0.7 )(9 + 0.8)

= 92 + (0.7 + 0.8)9 + 0.56

= 81 + 13.5 + 0.56

= 95.06

Maths Class 8 NCERT Solutions Chapter 9 Exercises
NCERT 8 Class Maths Solution Exercise 9.1 – 4 Questions (4 Short Answers)
NCERT 8 Class Maths Solution Exercise 9.2 – 5 Questions (5 Short Answers)
NCERT 8 Class Maths Solution Exercise 9.3 – 5 Questions (5 Short Answers)
NCERT 8 Class Maths Solution Exercise 9.4 – 3 Questions (3 Short Answers)
NCERT 8 Class Maths Solution Exercise 9.5 – 8 Questions (8 Short Answers)